Analysis of Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Disorders During Pregnancy Using the Forward Chaining Method

ABSTRACT

Now a days technological developments are increasingly having a positive influence on the development of human life, including in the health sector. One of them is an expert system that can transfer an expert's knowledge into a computer application to simplify and speed up the diagnosis of a disorder or disease in humans. The purpose of this final project is to design an application to diagnose diseases that occur during pregnancy which is caused by the existence of these pregnancies to simplify and speed up the diagnosis of diseases experienced by pregnant women. This study uses the forward chaining method. By involving experts in this expert system analysis according to current needs. Users are given easy access to information on several types of pregnancy disorders and their symptoms, as well as consultation through several questions that the user must answer to find out the results of the diagnosis. While experts are facilitated in system management, both the process of adding, updating and, deleting data.

A. Collecting Data
Andhika Adhitama Gama (2015) [20]Expert system for early detection of website-based Herniated Nucleus Purposes (HNP) uses the Naïve Bayes method [21], in his research he says the system is more accurate, it's just that the drawback is that it is not integrated with a clinic or hospital.

B. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications Pregnancy
The following are some definitions of pregnancy: Pregnancy is the union of sperm from a man and an ovum from a woman. Pregnancy is a period starting from contraception until the fetus is born, the normal length of pregnancy is 280 days, or 9 months and 7 days, which is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period. Pregnancy is a woman containing a fertilized egg or pregnancy by sperm. 1. Etiology of Pregnancy will occur if there are the following 5 aspects, namely: Ovum The ovum is a cell with a diameter of approximately 0.1 mm consisting of a nucleus floating in the vitellus surrounded by the zona pellucid by Radiata chromosomes. Spermatozoa Shaped like a tadpole, consisting of a slightly flattened oval head containing a core, a neck that connects the head to the middle, and a tail that can move so that sperm can move quickly. Conception a fusion event between sperm and ovum in the fallopian tube. Nidation Nidation is the entry or implantation of the product of conception into the endometrium. Placentation Placentation is a very important tool for the fetus which is useful for the exchange of substances between mother and child and vice versa.

Signs of pregnancy
Pregnancy has signs of whether a mother is pregnant or not, here are the signs of pregnancy: If a woman is pregnant when she is already married complains of having late menstruation, then the mind that she is pregnant, despite the stress, drugs, chronic diseases can also result in delayed menstruation. b. Nausea and Vomiting Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms, ranging from bad taste to prolonged vomiting. In medicine, it is often called morning sickness because it occurs often in the morning. c. Matodynia Is a feeling of tightness and pain in the breasts caused by enlarged breasts? d. Complaints of urinating Increased urinary frequency and frequent nighttime urination, caused by the pressure of the enlarged uterus and the cranial pull by the uterus. e. Change in weight In 2-3 months of pregnancy, there is often weight loss, due to decreased appetite and vomiting. f. Changes in basal temperature g.A rise in basal temperature for more than 3 weeks is usually a sign of pregnancy. h. Breast changes i.Due to the stimulation of prolactin and HPL, the breasts secrete colostrum, usually after a gestation of more than 16 weeks. j. Uterine changes The uterus changes in size, shape, and consistency. The uterus turns soft and globular in shape. k. There is a fetal pulse (FHR from 18-20 weeks) l. Feel the movement of the child (started at 18-20 weeks UK)

III. Result
In advanced reasoning, the rules are tested one by one in a particular order. When every rule is tested, an expert system will evaluate whether the conditions are true or false. If the conditions are correct, then the rule is saved and then the next rule is tested. This process will be repeated until the entire rule base is tested under various conditions. According to Giarattano and Reley (1994), the advanced inference method is very suitable for handling control (controlling) and forecasting (diagnosis). Knowledge in production rules is presented in the form (1) The rules in the production rule are classified into the first-degree rule and the meta-rule. Rule (2) the first degree is a rule whose concluding part is not the premise of another rule. on the other hand, the meta-rule is a rule whose conclusions are the premise for other rules. The following shows how, how the advanced continuous inference method works.

B. Rule Production
Production rules are usually written in the form if-then (IF-THEN) which can be said to be a twopart implication relationship, namely the premise (if) and the concluding part (then). Premise and conclusion rules can relate to "OR" or "AND". The following are production principles in identifying disease: In the case of tracing the decision tree above, there is a problem, that is, not all symptoms can be detected according to the facts in the field, therefore as an expert, give a weight of 50% if a disease is detected that has a weight of more than 50% then the disease is detected and if it is less than 50% doubtful disease. Sample case In the case example above the symptoms are met with a weight of 90%, the disease detected is P001 disease. In Figure 1 above are the symptoms used in the initial question in an expert system for the early diagnosis of pregnancy disorders. If G001 is answered "YES" then it will go to G002 until P001 is found and so on, After the symptoms are grouped according to each disease and an examination is carried out on the knowledge base, the system can provide analysis results in the form of diseases attacked, symptoms that arise and diseases and suggestions for handling them.

IV. Conclusion
Expert System for Early Diagnosis of Disorders During Pregnancy Using the forward-chaining approach can help the process of diagnosing pregnancy disorders so that the diagnosis process is faster and this expert system has an output in the form of solutions about disorders that occur during pregnancy and provides explanations, levels of risk, anticipation and methods. treatment that must be done for the disorder that is being experienced. A Suggestion in developing Early Diagnosis of Disorders during Pregnancy with an Expert System Approach is that the making of the matrix should be done automatically by the system to make it easier for experts to analyze the system. The knowledge base of the system, namely data on pregnancy disorders, will be even better if it is added with data from the latest findings or research therefore the results of the diagnosis will be more accurate and the information obtained will be more complete.